Monday, June 8, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 23

 This week, the MCQ type which we shall explore would be the "by negation" type? 

1) Which amongst the following critical texts does not  even loosely belong to the "New Criticism" theory? a) The Well Wrought Urn b) Seven Types of Ambiguity c) Practical Criticism d)Studies in European Realism. 

The right option is (d) because Lukacs' is a Marxist analysis, while Cleanth Brooks', William Empson's and I. A. Richards' books are the fulcrum of New Criticism.

2) New Historicism will not accept one of the following statements. Which one is it?  a) Literature occupies a trans-historical aesthetic realm, independent of economic, social, political contexts, and hence is subject to timeless criteria of artistic principles. b) The Humanist concept of "essential" human nature as reflected by an author and his characters is a bourgeois ideological illusion. c) A literary text is embedded in its context as an interactive component within a network of  institutions, beliefs and cultural power relations. d) Readers, too, are 'subjects' conditioned by their ideological contexts. 

The correct choice is (a) as it negates the basic premises of New Historicism, reflected largely in the other three options. 

3) Which of the following is not a "revenge tragedy" ? a) The Spanish Tragedy b) Hamlet c) Othello d) The Duchess of Malfi. 

The correct option is (c). Iago's wickedness is "motiveless malignancy." The play, moreover, has none of the standard components of the genre. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

The caste clout

 Often on the WhatsApp and on the FB, I am invited to join the "All Maharashtra/India/World Brahmin groups." Hence this discusson, a debate that often rages within me.  

To begin with, the typical reaction would be that every other caste is solidifying its identity, and as an exclusionary technique. I should know. Let me tell you 'why'. In Aai's final years, we had to engage a "mavashi" to accompany her so that she would not be all alone, while I would be in the college.

Honestly, I have hence lived in close connect - as I thus shared daily lived life in all its subtleties and complexities - with the entire cross section of the Marathi society, all religions and all castes included, surely from the lower middle class section. 

 In other words, my premises and conclusions are not empty airy theorisings. I do not repeat some trendy catch phrase, politically-oh-so-correct, as if it is some talisman opening up the right doors/opportunities for me.

Most of these ladies had completed their education up to the tenth or the twelfth. They had worked for many years. They would watch the t v (not to forget the all time favourite mobile). In other words, they were not at all that hazy picture of the ''poor'' woman, et al. 

Absolutely aware they used to be of their rights as employees. Even, back in their houses/families, they were quite assertive, what with the extra "bhishi" money.  Street smart, they would dress well, why, they would not mind splurging on themselves when festivals were involved. Good enough!

Believe me, they were all horribly caste conscious. They would tell me about all the rules and regulations every which way they would follow within their caste. They used to be terribly dismissive of the caste considered lower than theirs, would/could not even think of marrying "beneath" them!

Now let us look at the larger societal picture. There is more and more a crystal clear solidification of caste identities. Both career conscious intellectuals and activists as well as politicians are very knowingly and consciously cementing the caste orientations!

It is so sad that something as tragic as a rape (of a kid of hardly three years) could/would be looked at from the caste angle! Who cares if the truth goes for a toss in the entire conveniently oh-so-ideologically-correct slogans of the "post truth" era!

The worst aspect of all this sound and fury is Brahmin bashing. Whether it be leaders or intellectuals or prominent women achievers from the past or the present who are to be celebrated or diminished, it is always caste careened! Historiographies, creatively crafted, are thus hyped up!

Let me give you an example or two, not of such 'archaeologies', but of actual praxis. Which Brahmin priest says "mum bharya samarpayami"? To begin with, how many temples in Maharashtra, major ones and/or especially those in small  towns, hamlets, et al, actually have Brahmin priests? A reality check would surprise many!

Across India, quoting a "Manusmriti"  often not read (and surely not in its immediate or contemporary context), it is conveniently forgotten that caste is a colonial construct. Yet the "Aryan" anxiety is terrifyingly drummed up. Honestly, the fear of an impending holocaust looms large. Openly, there have been such threats n challenges in the so-called progressive Maharashtra, too!

Oh, yes, Brahmins are apparently well-to-do!!! Forget their sincere commitment to their work, et al, how many are actually so? Yet again a survey would prove the facts, that not even three out of ten would be well-off. Horrible is the condition of those in two/three tier cities or villages! 

 Given such lived realities, I surely do not mind helping a deserving Brahmin. Let me provide a concrete example. In my Compulsory English class (Division C) was this student, Geography Major. 

Poor (in all senses of the term) kid, roughly an eighteen-year-old, every day before coming to College, he would go to different households, perform the pujas there, and hence he had to wear simple cotton clothes and he would have to sport that tuft of hair at the back of his closely cropped head. 

Mercilessly, he used to be mocked. I tried my level best to make the ambience happy for him even when he was not an English Major, and hence not directly, my student. 

Thus would not I mind helping my caste, though I do reach out to others, too. I have paid fees of my PG students so that they do not have to sell their livestock. 

In brief, targetting a group on the basis of many a stories/anecdotes/narratives/hearsay for which there is NO actual historical proof or exact documentation is hardly either just or democratic! 

Pratima@ It feels awful to quote caste at all. Yet what to do when that has become the way of the wor(l)d?!? 

Quote of the day:                                                         "Caste is a notion; it is a state of the mind," argued B.R. Ambedkar. 

Word of the day: Discrimination Discrimination is the unfair, unjust, or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. It occurs when someone is denied equal rights, opportunities, or fair treatment simply because of their identity rather than their individual merit.                           

Sunday, June 7, 2026

Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean--roll!

 The sea shore. Nothing is as beautiful. In fact, so gorgeous is the feel that you forget the dirt and the squalor human beings have nearby produced by the tons! Spell bound you are by the vast infinity enveloping you. 

Till your eyes can see, there is the bluish water, its shades shifting from grey to green as the shafts of sunlight 'shade' it. As the fine sand under your feet slides while the waves recede, the horizon melts in to the endless waters. You feel a sense of calm, completeness, and yet an eternal sense of endless beginnings afresh as the vast skies merge in to the boundless waters. 

The waves caressing your feet bring unusual gifts, a beautiful shell, a lovely conch, an unusual stone. May be, the sea, too, forgives your kind dirtying it. Never ever has it given back the ugly stupidities most people fill it with. No wonder, I do not mind being a baby yet again, building sand castles. As the sun sets/rises, as the distant boat gets smaller by the second, you turn poet, philosopher and devotee that very second, and forever. 

Of course, that is the sea by the shore! Just a few nautical miles away thence, and it is all that you could ever dread. Parag, my brother, a merchant navy officer and now a lecturer, luckily for us, teaching novices how to navigate, would now and then mention a severe storm wherein the waters would so roll and twirl that if one were not to hold the plate at the dining table, next second it would be at the other end of the long table! 

The sea, in brief, is an absolute symbol of our lives, suddenly tossed any which way for no rhyme no reason. We have to learn the grace, the courage and the calm togetherness with which the sailing officers guide the boat through terrible storms. 

No wonder, I respect, adore and cherish Raju (as we fondly call Parag) to no end. I revere his spirit of Señor Columbus, though in the eighties and nineties, without the ubiquitous internet, it was terribly tough on us, especially my parents. I can just imagine what Aai must be going through each time he left, as he was her favourite most. Papa would not, and could not, even express his deep anguish. No wonder, the Narli Pournima ritual of offering a coconut puja to the sea became truly important for him. I manage with that nullah called Mula-Mutha! 

So roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean--roll! I would always hold you dear, and never you fear as would try to forever remember Sage Agasti and the seafaring Sindabads whose tattered sails narrate the sagas of optimism, progress and the eternal quest! 

Pratima@ Recently was celebrated the anniversary of coronation/accession to throne of Shivaji Maharaj. He understood the importance of the sea routes, and was a visionary ruler who supported the navy those days! So no Hormuz horrors could terrorise then!

Quote of the day:                                                            "The cure for anything is salt water: the sea, sweat or tears," muses Karen Blixen. 

Word of the day: Enigmatic                                       Enigmatic refers to something (or someone) that is mysterious, puzzling, and difficult to understand. Like the sea or life! 

Saturday, June 6, 2026

A mesmerising evening

 A typical cultural event at the Bhimsen Joshi Kaka Mandir in Aundh. The much garlanded Devi Saraswati  idol in the right most corner of the stage. The auspicious lighting of the lamp. The multiple mikes on the stage appear exciting. 

The programme begins. The divine flute notes are afloat in the air, and the ambience attains a magical quality. Well, the audience need not be the typical concert-wallahs. Yet the professionalism pulsating in the very aura is unmistakable. 

The blooming notes of the youthful interlude over, next begins the main concert of the evening. Absolutely unusual is this programme dedicated to the memory of Pandit Pannalal Ghosh, the basuri maestro who made this ancient wind instrument a byword for the Indian classical music (both as an accompaniment and in its own right).

Paying tribute to him are the disciples of the Flute Temple Academy. Guiding them is their guru, Deepak Bhanuse. They are playing the flute in/as a group, which is quite unique in itself. Most interestingly, they are performing a special concert piece as well. 

It is entitled "Rutu Rang". It consists of a sequential blend of the 'raag' which reflect the moods of the seasonal cycle. Conceptualised by Pandit Dr. Keshaw Ginde, its notes literally make the famous songs based on these notes n their notations bloom in our mind. 

Time literally flies on the wings of the melodious medley of raag's. The ensemble of the players may not be much publicised artists. Yet no note is amateurish in their performance. The superb tabla and the remarkable pakhawaj saath, accompanied by the precise keyboard inputs, give the mehfil the taal pattern which adds to the overall mesmerising n superb effect of the mahfil. 

Honestly, I cannot appreciate enough my brother Pinaki for effectively participating in such a fabulous confluence of sur-n-taal. As I stay exactly at the other end of the city, I could not stay back for the next half of the programme. Enriched, however, were my ears due to the 'master'ful performance! 

Pratima@ I do feel that such genuine attempts should get more encouragement though. There could be some press coverage, for example. Sanju's Bhanuse sir played a few notes on the earthern flute, a unique experiment and experience. I am indeed looking forward to getting a recording of the mahfil, worth listening to many a "once more",  an encore again and again! 

Quote of the day:                                                           "Without music," says Friedrich Nietzsche, "life would be a mistake." 

Word of the day: note                                                    A note is a single distinct sound or tone, or the written symbol that represents it on a sheet.  This 'currency' is a great 'record' of aural sweetness! 

Friday, June 5, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 22

 In "Soupçon MCQ Series 22", let us deal with the technique that might help you answer this type of mcq. 

Let us look at "Soupçon MCQ Series 20." Here it is:

Match the columns.                                                   Column 1 

a) Alfred Jarry

 b) Eugene Ionesco 

 c) Jean Genet 

    Column 2

 i) The Maids

 ii)Ubu Roi 

 iii) The Chairs 

The options can be: 

 A) a-i, b-iii, c-ii 

 B) a-ii, b-i, c-iii 

 C) a-ii, b-iii, c-i 

Let us imagine that you are not aware of any of these texts. Ideally, that is not possible, right? "Absurd Drama", too, is quite a favourite of the high n mighty who design syllabi. 

Even when you have supposedly not heard of the term, look at the options. It has to be, as per the repetition, either (B) or (C). That takes care of 'a' and 'ii'. 

 Now is the catch. Well, the ideal solution, especially as future 'Assistant Professors', would be to read, read, read and read. As the test is almost knocking at the door, the way right now to go about it could be the deletion method. 

Genet, you must have surely read en passim, was "enfant terrible", someone who loved to shock. Guesswork, ideally absolutely avoided, should lead you to the c-i pair.

The correct option, hence,  is 'C'.                           

 All the best, in the meanwhile! Let us meet on Monday, June 8.

Pratima Agnihotri                                                        Pune 

N.B.:                                                                                *I must clarify that Soupçon MCQ Series is a sheer and pure academic exercise. I do NOT run any "coaching"  classes. Nor am I affiliated in any way to any "teaching" institution/institute, et al. I have NO contacts whatsoever with anybody in the UGC/in the NET/SET exam committee.  I am NOT associated with anybody in  the publication industry, online and/or offline. I will NOT be responsible for any misuse of these publically and honourably shared bits of literary/intellectual awareness.*                              Pratima Agnihotri



The Purest Portal

 Most consciously have I chosen the title for our blog today. Yes, it is the world environment day. But we are after all in the AI age. The era of mimicry! The AI can create any portal in a jiffy, they say. 

Does this imitative portal have the uniqueness and the variety of that great book, forever open, new in every way every second? No way because in nature, no two leaves are the same. Each is distinctive, special, individuated.

What I like the most about nature is that it delights in giving, unlike most bipeds who are excellent at taking so much so that a Marathi poet grandly asserts that one day we should even take the hands of the person who gives! Just imagine! Honestly, human beings are the most self-centered creatures.

What does nature do for us, the forever ungrateful animals that corrodé it every which way? Forever forgiving like the divine and/or the parents, nature never tires from blooming afresh, giving us the bestest atmosphere, and the most beautiful ambience.

Well, yet again June 5! Yet again a wake up call! Yet another reminder that this is the one and only earth we have! We must most thankfully care for our enviornment and every element in it, small to big, both beautiful and yet useful!

Pratima@England has apparently decided to put unique animals  and birds on the currency notes. Darwin must be blessing his descendants today!

Quote of the day:                                                         "Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed." Gandhiji put it most succinctly!

Word of the day: ambience                                       Ambience (also spelled ambiance) refers to the overall mood, character, or atmosphere of a particular place or environment. It is the intangible "vibe" or feeling you experience when you are in a certain space, created by a combination of factors like lighting, decor, music, and the people around you.



Thursday, June 4, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 21

 Match the following. 

 Column 1                                                                             a) utopia                                                                  b)dystopia                                                                 c) pastoral

Column 2                                                                              i) The Shepheardes Calender                               ii) The Pre-lapsarian Eden in"Paradise Lost"                                                                    

           iîi) The Machine Stops 

The options are:                                                                    A) a-iii, b-i, c-ii                                                        B) a-ii, b-iii, c-i                                                        c) a-ii, b-i, c-iii

The correct option is (B).

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune

Soupçon MCQ Series 23

 This week, the MCQ type which we shall explore would be the "by negation" type?  1) Which amongst the following critical texts do...