Monday, June 15, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 28

 Now that the NET exam is looming large, let us have an assortment of all sorts of MCQ types. 

1)Complete this quotation:                                        "The year is at the spring/And day's at the morn;/ Morning's at seven;/ The hill-side's dew-pearled;//   ...../....../... All's right with the world!// "

The quote is from Robert Browning's "Pippa's Song", a reflection in a way on the self-satisfied smug feel of the Victorian era. The three missing lines are:

      "The lark's on the wing;/The snail's on the thorn;/God's in his heaven"  

and hence this famous stanza ends with "All's right with the world!" 

2) Who wrote the following lines? 

"And not by eastern windows only,/When daylight comes, comes in the light,/In front, the sun climbs slowly, /But, westward, look, the land is bright." 

The options are: a) Rudyard Kipling b) W. H. Davies c) Walter de la Mare d) A. C. Clough

The correct option is (d). Clough was a brilliant poet. Often quoted by Churchill during World War II, he was Matthew Arnold's close friend.

3) " And we are here as as on a darkling plain/swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,/Where ignorant armies clash by night." 

Thus ends Mathew Arnold's " Dover Beach." The figures of speech in these lines are: 1) simile 2) metaphor 3) imagery 4) symbolism

The choices are: a) 1 and 2 b) 1 and 4 c) 1 and 3 d) 2 and 3.

The correct option is (c). The lines are one of the best examples of simile, that is, two dissimilar notions obviously compared. The simile here is extensively stated as well, with traces thus of an "extended simile." There is also a clear indication of a visual-aural image. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

When fiction becomes history

 Exactly twenty-five years ago, on June 15, 2001 came alive in a vibrant (hi)story the three major passions of the India then; namely, cricket, politics and cinema! The occasion was the release of "Lagaan", not merely a money churning blockbuster but also a way of looking at "entertainment, entertainment, entertainment." 

No longer was cinema mere fun or silly romance. Cinema attained the gravitas of a historical document. Surely, influenced heavily by "Naya Daur" and its defining race between a horse driven tonga (the emerging Indian 'i'dentity  post Independence) and a motor car (reflecting money minded  modernity), "Lagaan" used sports, specifically cricket, to comment on pre-Independence India and the colonial cruelty.

True, the story of the film, a cricket match against the British to avoid heavy taxation, is fiction. Yet the film effectively captures the ambience of the India of the late nineteenth century, the stupid, self-indulgent local kings, the arrogant and the exploiting British, the constant famines, and the oppressed lives of the common man, the farm labourer and/or small time farmer. 

Yet the plot that the script-writer Ashutosh Govarikar spins around the definitive match is also a story of Indians of all varieties joining hands to fight the British. Just as it is a story of the unity, unmistakable are the tributes to Indian cricket greats such as the spin master Chandrashekhar, for instance. 

The film comes alive on the celluloid because of Nitin Desai's superb art direction. True, Aamir Khan's visibly invisible hand unmistakably dominated direction, cinematography and editing. Remarkable is the acting by the minor most character, with Aamir Khan towering tall as the rebellious, principled, determined good guy Bhuvan. 

Superb is A.R. Rahman's background score which captures subtly yet most effectively  the local Champaran soundscape. The songs, penned by Javed Akhtar, jell well within the narrative.

A masterpiece, in brief, in which Gracy Singh debutted as the simple but sensitive and sincere Gauri, the only lacuna in this realistic film is Elizabeth's infatuation. I am personally of the opinion that instead of a trite n impossible love triangle, a British mother figure helping the natives would have taken the film to greater heights! Well, Aamir Khan, surely his loss, does not know me, one of his hardcore fans till he declared India unfit to live!

In brief, a la the title song of  Amitabh's "Amar, Akbar, Anthony", " unhoni ko honi kar de/when come together three Indian passions/cricket, politics and cinema"! 

Pratima@ I think, given the success of "Lagaan", the (hi)story as cinema genre dominated the Bollywood for quite some time, Aamir's own "Mangal Pandey" being an example. 

Quote of the day:                                                           "Cinema is a mirror by which we often see ourselves." You said it, Alejandro G. Iñárritu! 

Word of the day: historical realism                          Historical realism refers to an artistic style or a creative subgenre that embeds characters and narratives into verifiable historical events and settings. It aims for high historical accuracy and plausibility, depicting past eras honestly and without romanticized ideals, making both the setting and the human experience feel authentic.

Sunday, June 14, 2026

Mesmerising Music

 Truly the zenith of the glory of Indian classical music was the finale of the first-ever-in-Pune Swar Samrat Festival, organised by Shreeranjani Trust, in association with Mitra Foundation, and supported by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.

The first half of this evening, dedicated to the best and the unique in the classical music world, was devoted to a tabla jugalbandi. The way Yogesh Samsiji and the young maestro, Yashwant Vaishnavji, presented this percussion instrument, often associated as a mere accompaniment, was genuinely incredible. 

Both of them proved that a jugalbandi is a communion. They were together exploring the subtle artistry of the different 'taals' whose very 'bols' would be tough to the uninitiated. Both of them presented the 'bols' as a 'duo-logue.' Honestly, at times, the perfect rhythm was so soulfully intense that one could unmistakably hear a melody blooming out of the 'bols', and beyond the lyrical lehra that Yashwant Thittejj's harmonium adroitly offered.

If Samsiji  and Vaishnavji were 'tabla tapasvi' devoted to their art without even a single beat playing to the gallery, Padma Vibhushan Parveen Sultanaji, who performed in the second half, had the grandeur and elegance of a crown jeweller proudly displaying the priceless pearls and incomparable diamonds, the exclusive heirlooms royalty alone could own.

Unbelievable it was that a lady in her mid-seventies could present in an hour or so such a peak performance which consisted of  an assortment of evening raag's, a bhajan, a bhav geet (in Marathi!), a thumri and a bhairavi. So young was her voice in its 'firat', its taan's, its 'layakari' that her masterful artistry effortlessly defeated ageism. 

Equally interesting was her youthful attitude, a mix of nostalgia and endearing naughtiness, as if she was chatting through 'notes' with long lost friends. What a wonderful tribute the enrapt three hours were to classical music in the present times of rappers rupturing sense, beats, rhythm and harmony every possible way! The Puneites would surely look forward annually to such tremendous tributes by the sarod maestro, Padmashree Tejinder Narayan Majumdar to his guru, Padma Vibhushan Ustad Ali Akbar Khan.

Pratima@ The audience, too, was an asset to the mehfil. In an auditorium packed to capacity, mobiles mostly were out to film the priceless performances. Quite some tribute to the power of these masterful performers! 

Quote of the day:                                                        "Music expresses that which cannot be said and on which it is impossible to be silent," insists Victor Hugo.

Word of the day: ageism                                           Ageism is a type of discrimination based on one's age, generally used to refer to age-based discrimination against the elderly. The term was coined in 1969 by Robert Neil Butler to describe this discrimination, building on different types of "-isms." 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                      Pune


Saturday, June 13, 2026

Memories

 June 13! Exactly a year ago, began the journey that still lingers in every mo(ve)ment even now. Yes, that was the day, rather the early morning, when started my Chardham Yatra. 

Well, a decade earlier, I had trekked up to the Vaishno Devi Mandir, including the ramrod straight climb up to the Bhairav Nath temple. I liked each 'minute' (in all senses of this term) vision of that pilgrimage, and it made me madly fall in love with the Himalayas. 

Actually, I had then promised myself and the Himalayas that i would return there every year. I could manage to fulfill that promise last year, beginning the early hours of June 13. No, I did not even notice the date 'thirteen' that happy n excited I was. Anyways, number thirteen is positivity itself in the Indian iconography. 

On June 12, at about 9 p.m., it started to rain, and as if the skies wanted to drown Pune. There was terrible thunder and lightning as if the skies wanted to part. I was a little worried about the auto hired. 

The nicest and warmest feel of the evening was Raju calling up  to find out if I was ready and raring to go. Luckily, the auto fellow, in a way a distant neighbour, actually turned up. Thus I was safe and sound at the airport where I had to wait n wait.

 Apparently, someone stumbled n tripped against my bag which was carried away! Though many such "accidents"(!?!) took place throughout the journey, they could not take away the sheen of those days when i, absolutely literally, was in the seventh heaven, absolutely truly was on n among cloud(s) nine, and more. 

What lovely vistas! Etched they are forever in my 'vision', every nano second literally. And, oh, yes, they 'raise'(d) me spiritually, as high and serene and 'love'ly as the grandeur of the Himalayas themselves. 

Anyways, our blog has these days depicted in detail, not to forget the photographs and videos I could manage. A year after, my feelings still remain the same, ah, to be with(in) the Himalayas! That is a forever summer! 

N.B : Every possible difficulty that one might have to face in the Himalayas happened during those fourteen days n nights, but only after the "spell" I spent at each place was through! Honestly, I felt blest, and the feel is forever! 

Pratima@ Some evenings  are special. They promise you that talent, sincerity, commitment continue, and gloriously, in this world of "influencers" and their 'scripted' silly comedies. 

Yes, this evening, I could attend the Sur Samrat Festival, though only up to 8 p. m., as the venue is some eight kilometers away from my place. 

Yet the part of the programme that I could listen to was fabulous, with this word in font size seventy two, and bolded. The sarod that Anupam Joshi and Nitish Purohit played was unbelievable. The 'tabla saath' by Mahesh Salunke was out of this world. 

Absolutely genuine and, hence heartening, is the commitment of these artists. No wonder, the "lat bikhari" that Manjusha Kulkarni-Patilji described keeps flirting with your auditory abilities. 

I am flattered that Gokhale Madam invited me to this beautifully mounted music festival that "Mitra Foundation", in association with Ministry of Culture (the GOI), has put up for us, Puneites. Looking forward to the evening tomorrow! 

Quote of the day: 

"For oft, when on my couch I lie/In vacant or in pensive mood,/They flash upon that inward eye/Which is the bliss of solitude;/And then my heart with pleasure fills," 

and rises sky high with the heavenly Himalayas.

William Wordsworth would surely forgive me this last line! Wish he could have been there! The Romantic Poetry would then truly have reached immeasurable heights!

Word of the day: divine                                                The term "divine" generally means relating to, coming from, or being like God or a deity. It encompasses concepts of sacredness, holiness, and the transcendent, while also acting as an everyday adjective for something exceptionally wonderful or a verb for intuitive foresight. 

Friday, June 12, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 27

 1) Which of the following books do not deal with the Spanish Civil War? 1) A Moment of War 2) Homage to Catalonia 3) For Whom the Bell Tolls 4) A Long Petal of the Sea 5) All is Quiet on the Western Front 6) The Sun Also Rises

The options are :a) 1, 5, 6 b) 2, 3,4 c) 5, 6 d) 3, 5, 6

The correct option is (c). No.5 deals with World War I . No.6 is about the "Lost Generation" and its wanderings through Europe, including Spain. All the other texts deal with the Spanish Civil War.

2) Which of the following poems are not written by Sarojini Naidu? 1) Palaquin Bearers 2) Baugmaree 3) The Sunshine Cat 4) Bangle Sellers 5) Indian Weavers

The options are: a) 1, 4, 5 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 3

The correct option is (c). "Baugmaree" is a sonnet by Toru Dutt, while "The Sunshine Cat" is written by Kamala Das. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

N.B.:                                                                                *I must clarify that the Soupçon MCQ Series is a sheer and pure academic exercise. I do NOT run any "coaching"  classes. Nor am I affiliated in any way to any "teaching" institution/institute, et al. I have NO contacts whatsoever with anybody in the UGC/in the NET/SET exam committee.  I am NOT associated with anybody in  the publication industry, online and/or offline. I will NOT be responsible for any misuse of these publically and honourably shared bits of literary/intellectual awareness.*                               Pratima Agnihotri

Home study, anybody?

 These days, everything, except the actual home, of course, is "home", right? You have home cooked food as the yummiest, the most gourmand stuff. You have home stays as the best alternative (even according to the Ministry, please note) to swanky hotels. Why, no make up (really!?!) look actresses become national heartthrobs, spewing all along the most politically correct monologues cum interviews. 

In such a "home-ly" ambience, can education be left far behind? True, home education has all along been there. Yet, now, suddenly it is the talk of the town. Undoubtedly, home education is the best education. First and foremost, parents know their kid(s) in and out. They can thus support him/her the best, without exposing the small one to the vagaries of the merciless world out there. 

Surely, the premise here is that parents are absolutely aware of  the contemporary contexts. They know both, the NEP and the constructivist critique of  the traditional definitions of education. Sure, they have the required resources, especially time wise, and, to be realistic, funds wise. 

Studies then can the best bond, both between the child(ren) and parents, and equally importantly, between the kid(s) and the studies. With no imposed compulsions of "finishing" off the syllabus, life can be togetherness, fun, growing up literally by the day with purpose, and kindness n love as the glue. Shantiniketan at home, in brief!

Without the horrible competitiveness ingrained in the school system (even when 'class' n 'divisions' are now named after flowers!), a child can comfortably acquire an in depth analysis of each subject, get hands on experience, and grow up to be wise. No tuitions needed, no tension of tests and tutorials either! Oh, yes, the parent(s), too, would grow by the day.

Why is this utopia not often tried then? Instead of subjecting the little one to a long distance ride stuffed in an auto dangerously full of kids dozing off or harassing each other and the passers-by quite nastily, why do not parents go for home schooling? 

Well, the flippant answer would be that most parents are thankful that home can be a peaceful sanctuary with the little one(s) safely out, off the bounds! Most parents look forward to June 7/15 each year, when, ah, the summer vacation finally ends!

The serious response would be that most parents would not have the resources, of either the academic, intellectual, time or money variety, right? Better to be responsible enough to attend the PTA, and hear the 'trained' Miss or Sir identify the Junior's positive points, right? Why 'school' the home, in brief!?!

Pratima@ The traditional 'gurukul' system was a kind of structured home education, right? The result was brilliant disciples, too. Yet, to think of it, a kid does need socialisation, too. Can home education provide it? Would it get monotonous? Difficult to decide!

Quote of the day:                                                           "The purpose of education is to turn mirrors in to windows." Yes, indeed! Touché, Sydney3.Harris.

Word of the day: Unschooling                                   Unschooling is a type of interest driven, self respecting mode of education. Rather than following a set curriculum or forcing students to sit through lessons, children learn organically through everyday life experiences, hobbies, and personal curiosities. Parents act as facilitators who provide resources and support rather than acting as traditional teachers.


Thursday, June 11, 2026

Whither(ed) comedy!?!

 What is up with the comic scene in India? First it was Himanshu Jangra whose awful remarks are unbelievable. That entire video is not merely in extreme bad taste. It, moreover, normalises misogyny under the garb of fun and humour. That "man" (!?!) provides lurid details which reek of every vice against which women have for ages struggled! 

He speaks 'frankly' (Lord save us from such honesty!) of the ugliest details about a living 'body'!!! Much worse is Dr. Sejal Pawar talking of cadavers! Her ridiculousness violates very many ethical principles of medicine as a profession! Much worse, it could have an impact on organ and cadaver donation. 

How could people, the audience in Pranit More's show, laugh at such sensitive issues? Pranit More himself is funny! The contest he won, too, vitiates the mindscape in very many vicious ways. No wonder, such crass crudities pass as jokes in his "laughter" show! 

Stand-up comedians must maintain certain standards of decency!  Do you remember the podcaster and YouTuber Ranveer Alahbadia, widely known by his channel name 'Beer biceps'?  Remember his "would you rather" joke he made on the YouTube comedy roast show 'India's Got Latent' (hosted by comedian Samay Raina)?

What are these creeps up to? Upfront honesty does not mean sashaying the most insensitive ridicule most shamelessly! And this is Gen Z! Unfortunately, all the youngsters, given the media glamour, think that this is the "done" thing which is the saddest impact!

Remember Ravi Shastri vrooming in a racing car, and providing a rather sick n silly reaction? The very fact that such a non-issue goes hugely viral is itself a big joke! People indeed need any number of repeat courses in good laughter! Whither humour indeed? Better that such humour is fastest withered!!!

Pratima@ As if "class " wars of the Bihar variety and the "leak masters'' of Maharashtra are not enough, there is some Abhinaw Sir who has raked up a question about actresses' heights in a Kerala staff selection commission exam in 2014! His video is now proliferating on wapp groups as if the SSC board exam is responsible for such a question, and now! 

Honestly, how ludicrous can propaganda get! We should thank our stars that some caste war has not yet erupted, based on the 'i'dentities of all the involved, though political warfare is very much on, and not so subtly!

Quote of the day:                                                           "Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe,” asserted Albert Einstein. Sir, yes, Sir! 

Word of the day: crudity                                              Crudity means an impolite matter in equally tasteless manner that is vulgar and lacks tact or refinement.





Soupçon MCQ Series 26

 1) Who amongst the following are not Romantic poets?

1) Charlotte Smith  2) Charles Swinburne 3) Goethe 4) William Morris 5) Baudelaire

The options are: a) 1, 2 and 5 b) 1 and 4 c) 1, 3 and 5 d) 2, 4 and 5

The correct option is (d).                                         Swinburne and Morris are Pre-Raphaelite poets, while Baudelaire belongs to the 'symboliste', 'fin de siècle " movement. 

2) Currer Bell did not write 1) Shirley 2)Villette 3)The  Professor 4)Agnes Grey 5) Felix Holt

The options are: a) 1, 4 and 5 b) 2, 4 and 5 c) 1, 2 and 5 d) 4 and 5

The correct option is (d).                                            Currer Bell is Charlotte Bronte's pen name.  She wrote the first three novels listed here. "Agnes Grey" is written by her sister, Anne Bronte. "Felix Holt" is authored by George Eliot. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                   Pune 


Wednesday, June 10, 2026

What n how (not) to study? That is the question!

 'What n how not to study' is what the tuition 'class' scandal, which is the real reason behind the 'Neet question paper' leak, has shown the academic fraternity. It was not merely the lust for wealth of individual teachers that led to the 'leak' of precise answers for the exact questions. It was also the competition for fetching future more students to each branch of every 'class'. 

Given the much deserved exposing of such mal-practices, you must have noticed that, this year, there seem to be fewer ads of the "all toppers from our branch" variety. Of course, the so-called toppers, it seems, used to be paid for such "appearances", and hence were found on most all bill boards! 

Honestly, involved in the scandal are all, parents, students, the very society, and not merely the 'leak masters', who must indeed be so named, given their advanced years, and total lack of integrity and honesty, despite the age!

In such a sad scenario, what to study, especially given the AI corrosion of most all white collar jobs? That is the question! Well, if the AI bubble does not burst, and if robotics progresses at the speed at which it is advancing in China, even blue collar jobs would very soon get guzzled. 

Given such a context, in my opinion, the Humanities would become important. Literature can show a mirror to people. Philosophy may advise them. Psychology  may help them understand themselves, for instance. 

That means, in a balanced engineering  curriculum, for instance, there should be a judicious mix of the Arts Discipline, may be, with a "paper" on Business Management and Taxation Laws, for instance. Of course, this is a truly sketchy suggestion. 

Such mix-n-match education would "result" in the development of decent human beings who could be good citizens guided by critical thinking, an urgent need, given the current scenario, right? 

Of course, detailed analysis of the contours of disciplines is very much necessary. Yet, at the very outset, it is necessary to state that the arcane quality of disciplines would have to be negotiated. Literary Criticism, for example, must neither precede a text nor should be excessively terminology infested. Given the turn of events, the world sure needs to re-think education, and fast!

Pratima@ The best way to control the AI invasion of the learning context and its creativity is to design assignments, tests, exam question papers which no ChatGPT can conveniently and/or comfortably answer!  

Quote of the day:                                                          "Children(/students) are always throwing out sparks of knowledge, curiosity and inquiry, and adults(/teachers) must be ready to catch those." So opines Annalisa Rabitti. The bracketed options are mine. 

Word of the day: Home schooling                               Home schooling is the practice of educating school-aged children at home or outside the traditional classroom setting, typically directed by parents or tutors. It offers a highly personalized curriculum that allows students to learn at their own pace, utilizing resources ranging from structured online academies to flexible, real-world experiences.

Soupçon MCQ Series 25

 Today onwards, let us make this test item more complicated. 

1) Which of the following dates are not important in the colonial history of India?

a) 1757 b) 1857 c)1773 d) 1492 e) 1889

The choices are :A) 1757 and 1773 B) 1492 and 1889 C) 1492 and 1773 D) 1757 and 1889

The correct option is ( B).

1757: Battle of Plassey.                                               1857: The Indian War of Independence           1773:The Regulating Act which extended the British Monarchical powers on to India as a colony.                                                                   1492: Columbus' "discovery"                               1889: Otto van Bismarck convenes a meet of European powers which results in the scramble for and conquest of Africa

2) Who amongst the following authors do not belong to the "Lost Generation"?

1) James Joyce 2) Ernest Hemingway 3) F. Scott Fitzgerald 4) John Dos Passos  5) Edwin Muir

The options are: a) 1 and 5 b) 4 and 5 c) 3 and 5 d) 2 and 3

The correct option is (a), 1 and 5, that is Joyce and Muir.                                                                    The term "lost generation" describes a famous group of American expatriate writers who lived in Paris in the 1920s, disillusioned by the war and traditional societal values back home. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

Tuesday, June 9, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 24

 1) Which of the following is not a text written by John Fowles? a) The Aristos b) The Collector c) A Clock Work Orange d) The French Lieutenant's Woman. 

The right choice is (c), a novel about violent youth culture written by Anthony Burgess. 

2) Which of the following is not a bildungsroman? a) J.D.Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye" b) James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" c) Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" d) Frantz Kafka's "The Castle". 

The right choice is (d), the novel by Kafka, a critique of the all-pervading authority. 

3) T. S. Eliot did not write one of these plays. Which one? a) The Elder Statesman b) The Festivities c) The Cocktail Party d) The Family Reunion. 

The correct option is (b), a one act farce by Anton Chekov, the great Russian dramatist. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                           Pune

A boon?

 Is the technological growth a curse or a boon? Often, baboons are whom most people emulate, what with the tecnological toys they have to tinker with! 'No boon' is then how technology appears! 

Let me give you an example or two. Whichever mode of privacy that you may use, useless it is if someone has strong hacker tools which such creeps certainly do have! For such weirdos, even a distance of fifteen feet is enough to gain access, or rather control, to watch you through the phone.

Earlier I used to feel, who would have so much spare time? No longer am i so sure. There are creeps enough, with extremely ill-gotten truck loads of money to squander.

 Such ghouls pay fools of all ages to shriek non-sense of all sorts in the vicinity. There would always be loafers who have nothing to do the whole day, and would require easy money to satiate their evil ugly desires! 

Creeps, if you do not have high-funda support, are best ignored! Instead, there IS a very positive mode to look at such tampering. Reading my messages might make them absolutely ethical, actually better users of English and aware of many impotant issues which would, otherwise tremble to enter that vacuity, that barrenness, that zero which is the inside of that cavity known as their brains! In brief, whichever way it is used, technology IS a boon!

Pratima@ No use fighting with people on whom irony is lost. Why get in to screeching matches, especially because such gangs' throats have the strength their brains lack!

Quote of the day:                                                           "Life is 10% what happens to you and 90% how you react to it," says Charles R. Swindoll.

Word of the day: positivity                                            Positivity is the practice of maintaining an optimistic, constructive attitude and focusing on the good in any given situation. It is not merely the absence of negative emotions, but it is also an actionable mindset that emphasizes growth, gratitude, and forward momentum.





Monday, June 8, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 23

 This week, the MCQ type which we shall explore would be the "by negation" type? 

1) Which amongst the following critical texts does not  even loosely belong to the "New Criticism" theory? a) The Well Wrought Urn b) Seven Types of Ambiguity c) Practical Criticism d)Studies in European Realism. 

The right option is (d) because Lukacs' is a Marxist analysis, while Cleanth Brooks', William Empson's and I. A. Richards' books are the fulcrum of New Criticism.

2) New Historicism will not accept one of the following statements. Which one is it?  a) Literature occupies a trans-historical aesthetic realm, independent of economic, social, political contexts, and hence is subject to timeless criteria of artistic principles. b) The Humanist concept of "essential" human nature as reflected by an author and his characters is a bourgeois ideological illusion. c) A literary text is embedded in its context as an interactive component within a network of  institutions, beliefs and cultural power relations. d) Readers, too, are 'subjects' conditioned by their ideological contexts. 

The correct choice is (a) as it negates the basic premises of New Historicism, reflected largely in the other three options. 

3) Which of the following is not a "revenge tragedy" ? a) The Spanish Tragedy b) Hamlet c) Othello d) The Duchess of Malfi. 

The correct option is (c). Iago's wickedness is "motiveless malignancy." The play, moreover, has none of the standard components of the genre. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

The caste clout

 Often on the WhatsApp and on the FB, I am invited to join the "All Maharashtra/India/World Brahmin groups." Hence this discusson, a debate that often rages within me.  

To begin with, the typical reaction would be that every other caste is solidifying its identity, and as an exclusionary technique. I should know. Let me tell you 'why'. In Aai's final years, we had to engage a "mavashi" to accompany her so that she would not be all alone, while I would be in the college.

Honestly, I have hence lived in close connect - as I thus shared daily lived life in all its subtleties and complexities - with the entire cross section of the Marathi society, all religions and all castes included, surely from the lower middle class section. 

 In other words, my premises and conclusions are not empty airy theorisings. I do not repeat some trendy catch phrase, politically-oh-so-correct, as if it is some talisman opening up the right doors/opportunities for me.

Most of these ladies had completed their education up to the tenth or the twelfth. They had worked for many years. They would watch the t v (not to forget the all time favourite mobile). In other words, they were not at all that hazy picture of the ''poor'' woman, et al. 

Absolutely aware they used to be of their rights as employees. Even, back in their houses/families, they were quite assertive, what with the extra "bhishi" money.  Street smart, they would dress well, why, they would not mind splurging on themselves when festivals were involved. Good enough!

Believe me, they were all horribly caste conscious. They would tell me about all the rules and regulations every which way they would follow within their caste. They used to be terribly dismissive of the caste considered lower than theirs, would/could not even think of marrying "beneath" them!

Now let us look at the larger societal picture. There is more and more a crystal clear solidification of caste identities. Both career conscious intellectuals and activists as well as politicians are very knowingly and consciously cementing the caste orientations!

It is so sad that something as tragic as a rape (of a kid of hardly three years) could/would be looked at from the caste angle! Who cares if the truth goes for a toss in the entire conveniently oh-so-ideologically-correct slogans of the "post truth" era!

The worst aspect of all this sound and fury is Brahmin bashing. Whether it be leaders or intellectuals or prominent women achievers from the past or the present who are to be celebrated or diminished, it is always caste careened! Historiographies, creatively crafted, are thus hyped up!

Let me give you an example or two, not of such 'archaeologies', but of actual praxis. Which Brahmin priest says "mum bharya samarpayami"? To begin with, how many temples in Maharashtra, major ones and/or especially those in small  towns, hamlets, et al, actually have Brahmin priests? A reality check would surprise many!

Across India, quoting a "Manusmriti"  often not read (and surely not in its immediate or contemporary context), it is conveniently forgotten that caste is a colonial construct. Yet the "Aryan" anxiety is terrifyingly drummed up. Honestly, the fear of an impending holocaust looms large. Openly, there have been such threats n challenges in the so-called progressive Maharashtra, too!

Oh, yes, Brahmins are apparently well-to-do!!! Forget their sincere commitment to their work, et al, how many are actually so? Yet again a survey would prove the facts, that not even three out of ten would be well-off. Horrible is the condition of those in two/three tier cities or villages! 

 Given such lived realities, I surely do not mind helping a deserving Brahmin. Let me provide a concrete example. In my Compulsory English class (Division C) was this student, Geography Major. 

Poor (in all senses of the term) kid, roughly an eighteen-year-old, every day before coming to College, he would go to different households, perform the pujas there, and hence he had to wear simple cotton clothes and he would have to sport that tuft of hair at the back of his closely cropped head. 

Mercilessly, he used to be mocked. I tried my level best to make the ambience happy for him even when he was not an English Major, and hence not directly, my student. 

Thus would not I mind helping my caste, though I do reach out to others, too. I have paid fees of my PG students so that they do not have to sell their livestock. 

In brief, targetting a group on the basis of many a stories/anecdotes/narratives/hearsay for which there is NO actual historical proof or exact documentation is hardly either just or democratic! 

Pratima@ It feels awful to quote caste at all. Yet what to do when that has become the way of the wor(l)d?!? 

Quote of the day:                                                         "Caste is a notion; it is a state of the mind," argued B.R. Ambedkar. 

Word of the day: Discrimination Discrimination is the unfair, unjust, or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. It occurs when someone is denied equal rights, opportunities, or fair treatment simply because of their identity rather than their individual merit.                           

Sunday, June 7, 2026

Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean--roll!

 The sea shore. Nothing is as beautiful. In fact, so gorgeous is the feel that you forget the dirt and the squalor human beings have nearby produced by the tons! Spell bound you are by the vast infinity enveloping you. 

Till your eyes can see, there is the bluish water, its shades shifting from grey to green as the shafts of sunlight 'shade' it. As the fine sand under your feet slides while the waves recede, the horizon melts in to the endless waters. You feel a sense of calm, completeness, and yet an eternal sense of endless beginnings afresh as the vast skies merge in to the boundless waters. 

The waves caressing your feet bring unusual gifts, a beautiful shell, a lovely conch, an unusual stone. May be, the sea, too, forgives your kind dirtying it. Never ever has it given back the ugly stupidities most people fill it with. No wonder, I do not mind being a baby yet again, building sand castles. As the sun sets/rises, as the distant boat gets smaller by the second, you turn poet, philosopher and devotee that very second, and forever. 

Of course, that is the sea by the shore! Just a few nautical miles away thence, and it is all that you could ever dread. Parag, my brother, a merchant navy officer and now a lecturer, luckily for us, teaching novices how to navigate, would now and then mention a severe storm wherein the waters would so roll and twirl that if one were not to hold the plate at the dining table, next second it would be at the other end of the long table! 

The sea, in brief, is an absolute symbol of our lives, suddenly tossed any which way for no rhyme no reason. We have to learn the grace, the courage and the calm togetherness with which the sailing officers guide the boat through terrible storms. 

No wonder, I respect, adore and cherish Raju (as we fondly call Parag) to no end. I revere his spirit of Señor Columbus, though in the eighties and nineties, without the ubiquitous internet, it was terribly tough on us, especially my parents. I can just imagine what Aai must be going through each time he left, as he was her favourite most. Papa would not, and could not, even express his deep anguish. No wonder, the Narli Pournima ritual of offering a coconut puja to the sea became truly important for him. I manage with that nullah called Mula-Mutha! 

So roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean--roll! I would always hold you dear, and never you fear as would try to forever remember Sage Agasti and the seafaring Sindabads whose tattered sails narrate the sagas of optimism, progress and the eternal quest! 

Pratima@ Recently was celebrated the anniversary of coronation/accession to throne of Shivaji Maharaj. He understood the importance of the sea routes, and was a visionary ruler who supported the navy those days! So no Hormuz horrors could terrorise then!

Quote of the day:                                                            "The cure for anything is salt water: the sea, sweat or tears," muses Karen Blixen. 

Word of the day: Enigmatic                                       Enigmatic refers to something (or someone) that is mysterious, puzzling, and difficult to understand. Like the sea or life! 

Saturday, June 6, 2026

A mesmerising evening

 A typical cultural event at the Bhimsen Joshi Kaka Mandir in Aundh. The much garlanded Devi Saraswati  idol in the right most corner of the stage. The auspicious lighting of the lamp. The multiple mikes on the stage appear exciting. 

The programme begins. The divine flute notes are afloat in the air, and the ambience attains a magical quality. Well, the audience need not be the typical concert-wallahs. Yet the professionalism pulsating in the very aura is unmistakable. 

The blooming notes of the youthful interlude over, next begins the main concert of the evening. Absolutely unusual is this programme dedicated to the memory of Pandit Pannalal Ghosh, the basuri maestro who made this ancient wind instrument a byword for the Indian classical music (both as an accompaniment and in its own right).

Paying tribute to him are the disciples of the Flute Temple Academy. Guiding them is their guru, Deepak Bhanuse. They are playing the flute in/as a group, which is quite unique in itself. Most interestingly, they are performing a special concert piece as well. 

It is entitled "Rutu Rang". It consists of a sequential blend of the 'raag' which reflect the moods of the seasonal cycle. Conceptualised by Pandit Dr. Keshaw Ginde, its notes literally make the famous songs based on these notes n their notations bloom in our mind. 

Time literally flies on the wings of the melodious medley of raag's. The ensemble of the players may not be much publicised artists. Yet no note is amateurish in their performance. The superb tabla and the remarkable pakhawaj saath, accompanied by the precise keyboard inputs, give the mehfil the taal pattern which adds to the overall mesmerising n superb effect of the mahfil. 

Honestly, I cannot appreciate enough my brother Pinaki for effectively participating in such a fabulous confluence of sur-n-taal. As I stay exactly at the other end of the city, I could not stay back for the next half of the programme. Enriched, however, were my ears due to the 'master'ful performance! 

Pratima@ I do feel that such genuine attempts should get more encouragement though. There could be some press coverage, for example. Sanju's Bhanuse sir played a few notes on the earthern flute, a unique experiment and experience. I am indeed looking forward to getting a recording of the mahfil, worth listening to many a "once more",  an encore again and again! 

Quote of the day:                                                           "Without music," says Friedrich Nietzsche, "life would be a mistake." 

Word of the day: note                                                    A note is a single distinct sound or tone, or the written symbol that represents it on a sheet.  This 'currency' is a great 'record' of aural sweetness! 

Friday, June 5, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 22

 In "Soupçon MCQ Series 22", let us deal with the technique that might help you answer this type of mcq. 

Let us look at "Soupçon MCQ Series 20." Here it is:

Match the columns.                                                   Column 1 

a) Alfred Jarry

 b) Eugene Ionesco 

 c) Jean Genet 

    Column 2

 i) The Maids

 ii)Ubu Roi 

 iii) The Chairs 

The options can be: 

 A) a-i, b-iii, c-ii 

 B) a-ii, b-i, c-iii 

 C) a-ii, b-iii, c-i 

Let us imagine that you are not aware of any of these texts. Ideally, that is not possible, right? "Absurd Drama", too, is quite a favourite of the high n mighty who design syllabi. 

Even when you have supposedly not heard of the term, look at the options. It has to be, as per the repetition, either (B) or (C). That takes care of 'a' and 'ii'. 

 Now is the catch. Well, the ideal solution, especially as future 'Assistant Professors', would be to read, read, read and read. As the test is almost knocking at the door, the way right now to go about it could be the deletion method. 

Genet, you must have surely read en passim, was "enfant terrible", someone who loved to shock. Guesswork, ideally absolutely avoided, should lead you to the c-i pair.

The correct option, hence,  is 'C'.                           

 All the best, in the meanwhile! Let us meet on Monday, June 8.

Pratima Agnihotri                                                        Pune 

N.B.:                                                                                *I must clarify that Soupçon MCQ Series is a sheer and pure academic exercise. I do NOT run any "coaching"  classes. Nor am I affiliated in any way to any "teaching" institution/institute, et al. I have NO contacts whatsoever with anybody in the UGC/in the NET/SET exam committee.  I am NOT associated with anybody in  the publication industry, online and/or offline. I will NOT be responsible for any misuse of these publically and honourably shared bits of literary/intellectual awareness.*                              Pratima Agnihotri



The Purest Portal

 Most consciously have I chosen the title for our blog today. Yes, it is the world environment day. But we are after all in the AI age. The era of mimicry! The AI can create any portal in a jiffy, they say. 

Does this imitative portal have the uniqueness and the variety of that great book, forever open, new in every way every second? No way because in nature, no two leaves are the same. Each is distinctive, special, individuated.

What I like the most about nature is that it delights in giving, unlike most bipeds who are excellent at taking so much so that a Marathi poet grandly asserts that one day we should even take the hands of the person who gives! Just imagine! Honestly, human beings are the most self-centered creatures.

What does nature do for us, the forever ungrateful animals that corrodé it every which way? Forever forgiving like the divine and/or the parents, nature never tires from blooming afresh, giving us the bestest atmosphere, and the most beautiful ambience.

Well, yet again June 5! Yet again a wake up call! Yet another reminder that this is the one and only earth we have! We must most thankfully care for our enviornment and every element in it, small to big, both beautiful and yet useful!

Pratima@England has apparently decided to put unique animals  and birds on the currency notes. Darwin must be blessing his descendants today!

Quote of the day:                                                         "Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed." Gandhiji put it most succinctly!

Word of the day: ambience                                       Ambience (also spelled ambiance) refers to the overall mood, character, or atmosphere of a particular place or environment. It is the intangible "vibe" or feeling you experience when you are in a certain space, created by a combination of factors like lighting, decor, music, and the people around you.



Thursday, June 4, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 21

 Match the following. 

 Column 1                                                                             a) utopia                                                                  b)dystopia                                                                 c) pastoral

Column 2                                                                              i) The Shepheardes Calender                               ii) The Pre-lapsarian Eden in"Paradise Lost"                                                                    

           iîi) The Machine Stops 

The options are:                                                                    A) a-iii, b-i, c-ii                                                        B) a-ii, b-iii, c-i                                                        c) a-ii, b-i, c-iii

The correct option is (B).

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune

That unique art ....

 Cinema, film! Quite an obsession for (m)any! Well, indeed it IS a unique art. Look at writing, for instance. You may write a poem, a short story, a novel, an essay or even a play. The process of creation germinates, grows, gains in width and depth in/of the unique mind of the author and on the page/the computer/mobile screen. If (s)he so wishes, the only light the text might see is the one that filters through the windows of the author's house.

That is not the case with the making of a film though. By definition, film making is a composite, a syncretic art. Forget the absolutely essential spectator who may/not watch it, a film from its very nascent stage is of the people and by the people. 

Okay, let us look at the process in some detail. To begin with, there has to be an author whose story-line may be adapted to the camera vision by the script writer who, incidentally, need not be the dialogue writer. 

The director whose 'vision' gives a film its 'local habitation', et al (to quote Shakespeare on the artistic/poetic creation), may be, with the film making from the writerly stage onwards, or may join in once the script is roughly ready. Of course, we know of very many author-directors (not to forget the contribution of the 'auteur' visionaries), too. 

Then enters the financier, the producer who has to have faith in the seed that he can water with monies that could be ill-gotten, though that issue may not directly concern the aesthetics, which does get tarnished as the Bollywood n gangsters nexus did prove. 

Enter the higher level technicians, artists in their own right. Yes, I am talking of the director of the photography/the cinematographer, the special effects creator, and the editor. Next in the line are directorial assistants, the sound recordists, the costume designers, the hair stylists, the make-up artists, a hierarchy, in brief, wherein the spot dada, too, is important, not to forget the most exploited 'extras'.

When it comes to the Bollywood films, the dance director matters, too, just like the fight master and the stuntsmen. How can anyone forget the great lyricists, the superb music directors, and the divine singers? 

Would you agree with me that actors may give a face to the film, yet their contribution to the entire process would be tops five per cent? It is hence that I feel sad when a film review is reduced to a rough storyline coupled with sundry comments on actors, because every film shot has its own grammar, each frame its unique syntax, and every montage its unique poetry!

Pratima@ Now with the AI and its 'creativity', the composite, syncretic art of film making, too, may get reductive. That concept, however, would require another blog to explore it in some detail. 

Quote of the day:                                                           "For me, filmmaking combines everything. That’s the reason I’ve made cinema my life’s work. In films, painting and literature, theatre and music come together. But a film is still a film," asserts Akira Kurosawa, the film-makers' film-maker!

Word of the day: Composite                                     'Composite' refers to something made up of various distinct parts or elements. Like 'syncretic', it, too, involves a process of merging and blending. 

Wednesday, June 3, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 20

 Match the columns. 

 Column 1                                                                             a) Alfred Jarry                                                         b) Eugene Ionesco                                                 c) Jean Genet 

 Column 2                                                                               i) The Maids                                                             ii)Ubu Roi                                                                 iii) The Chairs 

The options can be:                                                            A) a-i, b-iii, c-ii                                                          B) a-ii, b-i, c-iii                                                         C) a-ii, b-iii, c-i 

The correct option is 'C'.

Pratima Agnihotri                                                        Pune 

Know thyself!

 "Know thyself," is the Socratic injunction. Socrates believed that the best way to know either the reality or the world or the others is to know one's own self. In a way, it could be considered a distant echo of the ancient indian notions such as "ahm bramha asmi" and/or " tat twam asi." 

Why the need to know either the world or the self? In fact, it could be argued that there is an urgent need of this kind of self awareness because the twenty first century is marked by intensely stressful situations. Everything is at our throat, out to stifle our breath. Yes, there is the AI threat. Sure, there are the worries about getting/retaining a job, given the AI accession of every possible space. Relationships, unbelievably self-centered and superficial, are hardly human(e).

At times, it looks as if there is a vaccum inside and there is a constant, acute, and huge pressure outside, a classic case of near implosion. No wonder, negative thoughts invade, pervade and divide perception and cognition. Suicides, substance abuse, schizo feels are becoming more and more the norm. 

Hence the need to "know thyself" . On the occasion of the schizophrenia awareness day that was observed not so very long ago, that is, on May 24, I would like to assert that the moment one knows oneself, one can understand the trigger points. One can guard against them, one can avoid them, one can take help to prevent them. 

The best help can be being friendly with oneself, warts and all. Hence the self awareness which never allows any vicious comparison. Instead, there is a calm, wise, balanced acceptance of the desire to constantly better oneself.

The love of family, the equally selfless love of a pet, taking care of plants, helping the helpless, there are thousands of simple but sufficient ways of self support. In my opinion, music and reading help as much as developing newer hobbies. 

The most important aspect of "knowing thyself" is gratitude. There are people who stand behind you, with you, for you, rock solid, and without any expectations in return. Most often, it is your father, your mother, an elderly relative, your sibling, a good friend possibly. 

The moment you acknowledge their care and concern, you move out of your narrownesses, your self-obsessions and thus broaden your self-awareness. You realize that you owe at least a little something to their devoted selflessness, a feel which makes you empathetic. 

In brief, there is no end to growing better by the day. The sky is not the limit to such self-knowledge, neither is the horizon an apogee to such growth. In brief, atta boy, atta girl! 

Pratima@ As June 3 is also the cycle day, I suppose, physical activities such as some cycling, a little yoga n pranayam with chanting omkar, some jogging, a dash at gardening show us the breadth and the length of our physical awareness. Why, a simple swim shows us our true metier. Many are the ways of knowing one's own self. Let us follow them as the best baits against the big bad wor(l)ds out there. 

Quote of the day:                                                           "The essence of optimism is that it takes no account of the present, but it is a source of inspiration and vitality... It enables a man to hold his head high, to claim the future for himself, and not to abandon it to his enemies, (especially within)," says Dietrich Bonhoffer. 

Word of the day: positivity                                        Positivity is the practice or tendency to focus on what is good, hopeful, and constructive in any situation. Rather than forced, constant happiness, it is a resilient mindset centered on proactive coping, gratitude, and growth.

Tuesday, June 2, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 19

 Match the columns.                                                   Column 1                                                                      a)The Spenserian Sonnet                                       b) The Shakespearean Sonnet              .             c) The Miltonic Sonnet  

      Column 2                                                                       i) abba abba cde cde                                             ii) abab bcbc cd ee                                                 iii) abab cdcd efef gg

The answer would be:                                                       A) a-i, b-ii, c-iii                                                            B)a-iii, b-i, c-ii                                                             C) a-ii, b-iii, c-i           

          The correct option is 'C'. 

 Pratima Agnihotri                                                          Pune 

The Zing Thing

 Life (especially the young these days, yes, the Gen Z onwards, all the alpha, beta, theta generations, have a habit of  eternally and infinitely declaring) is boring. How to make it full of beans? 

Most often, the janta goes for the risque solutions. Topping the list is, of course, drugs and drinks. The more contraband the stuff is, more is the high. 

Why all this jazz naw, as these smarties would rasp cum lisp? Well, the reason is May 31. Yes, it is the anti-tobacco day. Any number of campaigns each year, and year long, alternatives such as e-ciggies. Nothing has any effect. 

I suppose, that is because the common man has associated all such negativities of life in the fast lane with glamour. The advertising industry as well as the cinema world would be the culprits in popularising such a shallow definition of  the zing thing. 

Well, smoking as a relaxant cuts across the class structure. The regional distinctions such as urban/rural pale before it. In fact, rurally, there are enthusiasts who smoke with the burning end in the mouth. Cancer must be afraid of approaching them! 

Surely, stuff, to the use the current lingo, does not have to be life destroying. Instead, it is possible to passionately moonlight, and chase most successfully at least two careers, improve constantly one's skill sets which does not merely refer to the AI, et al. At any age, you can work on your painterly skill, your musical abilities, and so on. Should be very easy, given the internet access, right? 

Who cares though? Easier it is to while/vile time away scrolling reels or in glorifying feeling depressed, right? One of my students once casually told me that depression is so chic, and I had nothing but such stupendous surprise that my  jaw, fallen open due to such wow insight, refused to close for quite some time! No wonder, many May 31 may come n go. The crazy after glamour would for a high crow! 

Pratima@ I can quote at least two counter examples. The first one deals with a pair of my Spanish students. They were born visually impaired. They got married last year. They work in the banking sector.  They have photo shoots in swanky places, go on bicycle venture tracks, etc. Right now, they are in the Himalayas, and are enjoying all sorts of adventure sports, parachuting, zip-lining. I like the spirit! Kudos to their positivity, right?

The second one is Dr. Shantanu Gokhale. He is a practising dental surgeon, and an excellent santoor player. 

The Zing Thing, in brief, need not always be negative, though apparently "s(w)anky"  and glamorous.

Quote of the day:                                                            "First you take a drink (or a 'ciggy' or some drug), then the drink (or the 'ciggy' or that drug) takes a drink (or the  ciggy or that drug ), then the drink (or the ciggy or that drug) takes you.”  So says F. Scott Fitzgerald who would agree with the contents of the brackets.

Word of the day: addiction                                          Addiction is a chronic condition that can affect many aspects of your life, including your physical and mental health, relationships and career. There are two main forms of addiction: substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. Addiction is treatable. It's crucial to seek help as soon as possible.

Monday, June 1, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 18

 Please note:                                                                 *I must clarify that Soupçon MCQ Series is a sheer and pure academic exercise. I do NOT run any "coaching"  classes. Nor am I affiliated in any way to any "teaching" institution/institute, et al. I have NO contacts whatsoever with anybody in the UGC/in the NET/SET exam committee.  I am NOT associated with anybody in  the publication industry, online and/or offline. I will NOT be responsible for any misuse of these publically and honourably shared bits of literary/intellectual awareness.*

This week onwards, we shall try to explain and practice turn by turn the very many varieties of MCQ question types.   

Let us begin with the "match the following variety. " 

Column A:                                                                          1)Horatian Satire                                                    2) Juvenalian Satire                                               3) Merippean Satire

Column B:                                                                       a) T.L.Peacock's "Nightmare Abbey".                 b) Pope's 'Moral Essays'.                                       c) Johnson's "The vanity of Human Wishes" 

The correct option is :                                                   A)1-a,2-c, 3-b.                                                  .        B) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a.                                                         C) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b

The correct option is (B).  This week, let us practice this variety of the MCQ so that our students, colleagues-to-be would find this qualifying test truly easy.

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

Rahe na rahe ...

 Remember the magic of the truly touching "Rahe na rahe hum/maheka karenge?" Yes, true, "Mamta" is full of musical gems such as Latadi's great "yaman"  "chupa lo yun dil me pyar mera". Tough to decide indeed which one of the Majrooh-Roshan compositions is the best. 

Listen carefully though. Remember the movie final duet picturised on Dharmendra and Suchitra Sen? Whose is the female voice? No, it is not Latadi. Even when her solo version is one of the greats of Hindi film music, the duet is sung by Suman Kalyanpur and Mohammad Rafi. Tough truly it is to distinguish between the two renditions.

That precisely was the beauty and the curse of being a Suman Kalyanpur. Her voice sounded almost like Latadi's. Songs like "Ye sama, sama hai ye pyar ka", "Mera pyar bhi tu hai", why, even the Marathi Bhakti geet, the devotional praising  Lord Ganesha, "Tuzya Kanti sam rakt pataka" have the Lata effect, though they are sung by Suman Kalyanpur. 

Sure, Latadi's was a classically trained voice, unlike Suman Kalyanpur's. Yet she sang "man me" in such a way that she won the Tansen award! What I absolutely admire about Suman Kalyanpur is the fact that she sang in the Lata era. Given the quality of her voice, any number of opportunities must have been whisked away from right under her nose, nay, from her vocal chords. Instead of grumbling bitterly, she must have hugely suffered as a creative talent, what she chose was making magical whatever came her way!

As a result, generations of Marathi kids have dozed off to sleep with " Limbonichya zada mage.." Each and every Marathi monsoon has been made more lyrical with " rimzim zarati Shravan dhara." Any number of Maharashtrian love birds must have cooed,  "jithe Sagara Dharani milte.." 

Endless would be the list of her Marathi bhav geets and bhakti geets. Apparently, she sang the semi-classical thumri, et al. Unfortunately, I have not heard these. Nor have I listened to her songs in the very many other Indian languages. Makes no difference at all. She has so enriched the music world of Marathi that the best tribute to her would be "rahe na rahe aap/mahaka karogi"! RIP, Sumanji!

Pratima@ Sumanji's "Keshwa Madhwa" is the favourite most of 'Bombay' "local" singers. A great tribute indeed to the simplicity and sweetness of her renditions!

Quote of the day:                                                             "The life of man is like a game with dice; if you don't get the throw you want, you must show your skill in making the best of the throw you get." Touche, Terence!

Word of the day: rendition                                         Rendition generally means a performance, translation, or interpretation of something, such as a song, a dramatic role, or a text. 



Sunday, May 31, 2026

The Flute

 Being able to play a musical instrument is real special. Comparatively, singing is easier. Why do I say so? Well, when it comes to singing, you have to control your own breath, your own voice, your own enunciation, right?

When it comes to playing a musical instrument, it is a duet, but with an inanimate object to which you are giving a voice, deep feelings and a soul. It is indeed a very creative activity because in the process, you are individuating the instrument, right?

My brother, Pinaki, whom most of us call Sanju, plays the flute. The flute most suits my definition above because as a wind instrument, you are literally pouring breath, and thus, life, in to it. The flute comes alive with your breath. 

The flute is thus the very extension of you, literally the soul of the soul. No wonder, Lord Krishna made it his trademark  instrument. Apparently, when he used to play his flute, the whole sentient world would be mesmerised so much so that a tiger would not terrorise the fawn sitting right next, listening attentively to the divine (in all senses of the term) notes. 

As the flute is thus mellifluity itself, no wonder, Radha used to be jealous of it! Personally, I cannot understand how such negativities as jealousy, malice and all the other similar types, can be associated with the divinity, and that, too, in Bhakti poetry!!! 

Of course, my awareness of the religious literature is pretty limited. Yet I do believe that major saints such as Dyandev or Sant Eknath never assign such anthropomorphism to the godhead. Mostly, it is the folk tradition that gets in such associations, I think, though, of course, I stand corrected by the knowledgeable.

 In the meanwhile, let me absolutely agree with John Keats' assertion, 'heard melodies are sweet.' Indeed, because they sensitise us to those unheard, the spirit ditties of the soul.

Pratima@ I have listened to the fabulous flute by some the best masters. I am hence reasonably proud of the fact my brother plays that heavenly instrument, and rather well.

Quote of the day:                                                          "Life is like a flute. It may have many holes and emptinesses. If you work on it carefully though, it can create magical melodies." 

Word of the day: mellifluous                                     Mellifluous is an adjective that describes something sweetly or smoothly flowing. It is most commonly used to characterize a voice, sound, or piece of music that is pleasing, musical, and incredibly smooth to listen to. Etymologically, the word comes from Latin roots which literally mean 'like honey flowing.'


Saturday, May 30, 2026

Woman, thy name is...

  Remember Hamlet berating his mother's behaviour? " Frailty, thy name is woman," is how he dismisses womankind. In the play, with the ghost constantly egging him on for "revenge", such negative destruction of Gertrude's 'i'dentity may appear plausible. 

Allow me to say that in real life, it is exactly the other way round. Woman, thy name is integrity, reliability, and strength! But then you are a constant 'mole in the eye' of certain people.

Often such 'beam in thine own eyes' variety of people have a field day, especially if you are non-aggressive because then you do not appear a threat to them. You do not have any nuisance value. They know, moreover, that you would not even belong to their, or,  for that matter, any other mafia. 

Utter any syllable, and voilà! They would be tongs, hammers and scissors, and with every other weapon accessible, at you! Better to give you concrete examples, right? 

Suppose, you are in good health. You take reasonably good care of your well-being. You are a fresh entrant in to the "senior citizen" category. All fine so far? Express any desire, wish, hope, and there would be these men, nay, not only men, but especially women, of the 'pointing fingers at you' type, who think that it is their bounden duty to oppose it. The typical strategy is ageism!

No, it is NOT concern. You can see (the hidden from the whole  world behind the "oh-I-mean-well" facade) the conscious wink, the uncontrollable smirk, the subtle nastiness that is overflowing unmistakably. Such 'snake in the grass' people, women especially, are hypocrisy, viciousness and nastiness incarnate. Their greatest asset is pretending to be straightforward so that they can hide behind the curtain of 'truthful talk' which is always intense criticism of you so as to overcome their own very many inferiority complexes.

They, moreover, are ambitiousness personified. They have a constant desire to prove to the whole world that they are THE super-woman. They have to manage some very minor success, and there would be a clarion call! Their very many cheap 'groupee'-s, too, consider it a god-given duty to praise them sky high.

Such are hyper competitive, and can go to the meanest possible level to ruin you, to sabotage your life and career, to spread around you a web of conscious wickedest propaganda.  For no fault of you, you are their eternal target.

How to deal with them? First and foremost, never ever say anything at all. They are thus non-plussed. Next, stay as far away from them as is possible. Do not, moreover, respond, react, reply. Remember, their tear glands are conveniently over-active, and they are excellent at garnering superficial  sympathy!

Silently, in brief, continue your slow, steady but sure progress in the direction of self- betterment. Remember always, "woman, thy middle name is self-reflexivity, resilience, and fortitude"!

Pratima@ Such are amusingly double-faced. Proper Janus! They would dismiss, nay, trash someone's deep grief. The next moment, or, tops a few minutes later, they would be all consolation, commiseration, care  for that very person!

Quote of the day:                                                        "A (wo)man may smile and smile, and be a villain' says Hamlet to mean 'a person can appear friendly, warm, and kind, while actually hiding malicious, deceitful, downright dangerous intentions.'

Word of the day: ageism                                           Ageism refers to stereotyping, prejudices, or discriminations against individuals based on their age. Ageism is never ever positive in tone.



Friday, May 29, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 17

 1) in "Endymion", Keats writes, "A thing of beauty is a joy forever /Its loveliness increases. It will never/pass in to nothingness, but still will keep...". Line 3 onwards, the syntactic unit in the line is not end-stopped. The syntax, and the sense/meaning carry on in to the next line, and so on. This poetic device is known as..... 

The name of this this poetic effect is "enjambment." This French term literally means 'striding over'. Such 'run-on lines' add a unique (s)pace to poetry. 

2) William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116 has this line,"O no! // it is an ever-fixed mark."  What is the // signify? a) punctuation b) caesura c) a stop d) a breath. The correction option is (b). A caesura is a stron phrasal pause within a line which adds expressive emphasis.

3) Keats' "To Autumn" is a(n) a) Horatian ode b) Pindaric ode c) encomiastic ode d) Romantic ode. The correct option is (a). Category (d) does not exist. (b) and (c) refer to the same typology of odes.

Pratima Agnihotri                                                     Pune 

N.B. :                                                                                *I must clarify that Soupçon MCQ Series is a sheer and pure academic exercise. I do NOT run any "coaching"  classes. Nor am I affiliated in any way to any "teaching" institution/institute, et al. I have NO contacts whatsoever with anybody in the UGC/in the NET/SET exam committee.  I am NOT associated with anybody in  the publication industry, online and/or offline. I will NOT be responsible for any misuse of these publically and honourably shared bits of literary/intellectual awareness.*                     Pratima Agnihotri


The Spectator Syndrome

 I am sure that you, too, have noticed the  "have a mobile, will shoot" phenomenon. It was okay so long as it related to the selfie craze which, too, has often led to most damaging consequences. Sure, one felt utmost pity for the survivors of such fools whose daredevilry during the selfie-time led to disastrous consequences. 

The other half of the "my mobile, my sho(o)t" mania, however, is indeed incredulous. Have you realised that a majority of the population is forever filming via the mobile something or the other? One could say, "well, his forefathers must have left him a huge fortune to thus splurge!" Actually, it is never ever so. All such characters are submerged in debts. 

That apart, you could say that at least the data pack serving companies must be very happy that such creatures repeatedly buy their stuff whose rates are actually getting steeper by the re-charge! 'All is thus well, why are you grumbling?' Is that your question? 

Well, my submission, humble but heavily horrified, is that such constant reel making is desensitising the 'janta'! Let me give you an example or two to prove my point. An accident takes place. Mobiles are fast busy shooting! Instead of helping the victims, instead of calling the police or an emergency ambulance, they SHOOT reels! 

These days, if a woman is riding a two-wheeler, whether or not as a pillion rider makes no difference, there are any number of creeps humiliating her by putting their paws under her floating tee! Any number of onlookers would 'shoot' such a scene instead of confronting the culprit!

What must they be doing with so many reels on the road? Sure their mobile must have a huge storage capacity! Yet what exactly is achieved by shooting some sight, extremely ugly or gory?

The next objection that I am putting forth is truly worrisome in my opinion. Due to such heartless, senseless, soulless shooting, people merely shoot-n-store. They never feel the rawness of the moment. Such dehumanised desensitisation is the real issue.

 A person who can calmly watch-n-shoot a dying person is a psychopath! Absolute danger to self and the society! The misfortune today is that so huge is the number of such 'citizens' that one feels like saying, 'Lord, save them, but not their data, because they perfectly very well know what they are shooting, eh, doing!"

Pratima@ Why is the spectator syndrome so worrisome? Let me quote Martin Niemoller, a  German priest cum holocaust survivor.                 He writes, "First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out, because I was not a Socialist.                                                              Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out, because I was not a Trade Unionist.                                                              Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out, because I was not a Jew.                                                                                                     Then they came for me, and there was no one left to speak for me."

Quote of the day:                                                         "In life be a participant, not a spectator," asserts Lou Holtz. 

Word of the day: spectator syndrome                       The idea of “spectator syndrome” generally refers to the psychological habit of scrolling, observing, or standing by instead of actively participating in life. 

Thursday, May 28, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 16

 1) "Strange Meeting" is one  of the most well-known "shell shock poems" in the aftermath of World War I. It is written by a)Siegfried Sassoon b)Ivor Gurney c)Wilfred Owen d) Richard Church. The correct option is (c). 

2) The "Pylon Poets" got their name from the poem "The Pylons" (1933). It was written by a) W. H. Auden b)Stephen Spender c) C. Day-Lewis d)Louis Macneice. (b) is the right option. 

3)W.H.Auden's poem "Museé des beaux arts" refers to a) Louvre, Paris b) Louvre at Lien c) Prada at Madrid d) Museé royale des beaux arts at Brussels. The correct option is (d).

Pratima Agnihotri                                                       Pune 

The Ticking Population Bomb

 Not so very long away, the Indian population was supposed to be a world saviour! The demographic dividend was the cause. In comparison with most other countries, the Indian population was young, which means that the percentage of the earning population was higher, and dependants were fewer in comparison. 

Subtly, however, a change was unmistakable. Slowly but surely, in the beginning of the millenium itself, the graying polpulation was growing, given the better life expectancy. By the second decade of the twenty first century, this shift in the population statistics was unmistakable. 

In the third decade of this century, however, yet another shift in the population paradigm is glaring at us in the face. The reproduction rate of India is already 2.1. This percentage, moreover, is noteworthy both in the urban as well as the rural area. In fact, in certain states, it is even below 2.

Why is this change worrisome? That is because within a decade, there would be more dependents, and fewer with the earning potential. As it is, given the AI strides, the world over, white collar jobs are shrinking. With dual advances in the field of robotics and the AI, the reduction in the blue collar jobs, too, is imminent. Given such facts, who would feed whom, and how? That is the question!

Pratima@ It may not be oh-so-very- politically-correct to say so.But numbers never lie! It is the Hindu population that is reducing much faster. Given the shimmering tensions already surfacing in all types of "jihad's", this change is worrisome, too!

Quote of the day:                                                          Says Jacques-Yves Cousteau, "Population growth is the major source of environmental degradation." 

Word of the day: life expectancy                                 Life expectancy is a statistical measure indicating the average number of years a person is expected to live, based on the year of birth, current age, and other demographic factors like gender. It assumes that the mortality patterns of a specific population  remain constant over time. 

Wednesday, May 27, 2026

Veer Savarkar and the 1857 "Rebellion"

 I am a student of literature. Words hence make worlds for me. That is to say, I do not begin my analysis from the ideological premises, however popular such an approach may be. 

It is but natural hence that I have tried umpteen times to establish that Savarkar changed our way of looking at reality through his usage of language. In this light, let us look at his much maligned  "applications" to the ruling Britishers.

 My opinion has always been that such a florid, heavy usage was the done thing then, when it came to writing to the highest authorities. You cannot take a text or its author out of the immediate context. Sure, if he were to be alive today, he himself would have found all such "application" cum letters by all the late leaders then absolutely fulsome! 

In fact, Savarkar has donated many original, unique words to our mother tongue. Will write some other time about the words he contributed to Marathi. Right now, let us look at the title of his 1909 book. The very wording is a tribute to his deep, intellectual and directional patriotism. 

This 1909 book looks at the 1857 uprising against the British. The colonial attitude to it is reflected in the nomenclature attributed to it. The British dismissed it as "Sepoy Mutiny" or "Sepoy Revolt." In his seminal book, Savarkar trashes such a reductionist approach. 

The very title of his analysis is "The Indian Independence War of 1857" which adds a unique gravitas to the events. Savarkar establishes, moreover, that the battlefield of this war was not narrow as the Britishers believed. On the contrary, it was vastly widespread. 

Peasants, landlords, citizens, too, participated in it. Savarkar, in fact, argues that some princely states were privy to it. The goal was unique, too. It was a rejection of the British reforms as a dressing of-n-over the wound of being a colony. It was hence the plinth of the events that led to the actual independence in 1947.

This book, which in my opinion is truly motivational in the history of our freedomq struggle, was but obviously a thorn in the sides for the Britishers. They promptly banned it. This oppression made hardly any difference as private copies kept on circulating, and thereby adding to the feel of resistance. No wonder, in my opinion, Savarkar IS a pioneer figure! 

Pratima@ During the 1857 Independence War, "bhakari"s were used ingeniously as a mode of  forwarding uniquely the messages. This fact should prove how closely the common man was attached the independence struggle. Hence my argument that Savarkar's novel nomenclature added uniquely to the contemporaneous Independence struggle.

Quote of the day:                                                          "Independence is never given," says Savarkar. "It is always taken." 

Word of the day: nomenclature                                Nomenclate is a science oriented system of naming things. 

Soupçon MCQ Series 15

Here are women authors who grace the World Literature scene. 

1) The second part, central to the novel "The Vegetarian" by Han Kang, was first published as an independent story, and it won many prestigious prizes. It is entitled: a) The Mango Mark b) The Mango and the Mark      c) The Mongolian Mark  d) The Magnolian Mark . The correct option is (c). Incidentally, the three distractors are the variations on the title provided by my students! 

2) Elena Ferrante's quartet of novels, dealing with the lives of Lenu and her 'brilliant friend' Lila, is known as the a) Italian novels b) post war novels c) Neapolitan novels d) Nepolitan novels. (C) is the correct option.  'Neapolitan' refers to originating from or relating to the city of Naples, Italy. (d) was the spelling mistake, well, even at the PG level! 

3) Complete this quote by Maya Angelou.  "You may write me down in history/with your bitter twisted twisted lies/......./......" 

The next two lines, the clarion call of feminism, are: "You may trod me in the very dirt/But still, like dust, I'll rise."                                 Most apt and assertive!

Pratima Agnihotri                                                         Pune 

Tuesday, May 26, 2026

Soupçon MCQ Series 14

 This time the MCQ's deal with one of the most poignant plights in the whole of the  world history, namely, the Holocaust. 

1) Anne Frank's "Diary" deals with her life ln hiding in a) Germany b) Auschwitz c) Hungary d)Netherlands, Amsterdam. The correct option is (d). In a way, she was not allowed to retain the citizenship of any country. 

2) Which "novel" (Actually, more a memoir!) by Elie Wiesel describes the horrors at the concentration camps in Auschwitz and Buchenwald?  a)"Ordinary Men"  b)"T4"        c) ''Night" d) "Number the Stars". The correct option is (c). The other three titles deal with the Holocaust. They are not written by Wiesel though. 

3) "Survival in Auschwitz" by Primo Levi is also known as a) " Man's Search for Meaning" b) " This Way for the gas, Ladies and Gentlemen" c) " All is quiet on the Western Front" d) " If this is a man". The correct option is (d). The other equally searing texts are not by Levi. 

Pratima Agnihotri                                                        Pune 

Soupçon MCQ Series 28

 Now that the NET exam is looming large, let us have an assortment of all sorts of MCQ types.  1)Complete this quotation:                   ...