We have so far looked at the informal fallacies. These can be divided in to three major groups. The first type is informal fallacies of relevance wherein the premises of the argument are logically irrelevant. Hence they depend on distortions, attitudes and feelings which are rationally unexamined. Straw man, red herring, ad hominem belong to this type.
The second group, which we analysed last Thursday/Friday, consists of fallacies due to ambiguity which result due to vague signification, given the multiple meanings of words and loose grammatical constructions.
The third type is the informal fallacies of presumption which arises because of insufficient and/or defective data. Begging the question, slippery slope, for instance, are the dilemmas we thus explored.
Pratima Agnihotri
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